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Point vertical loads on walls are considered to be spread downward in a slope of two vertical to one horizontal.
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These loads might be resulted from beam reactions, bridge, or lodger and applied to the stem directly.įor most critical conditions, it is not necessary to consider live load from dead load separately because the axial live load on the stem increases is resisting moments and soil bearing pressure. Different types of axial load will be discussed in the following sections: a) Vertical loads on the stem Overturning resistance on the retaining wall is provided by axial loads. P 2=0.5K aH 2 ->Equation 8 There are various types of surcharge loads such as: Fig 2: Active pressure from a uniform surcharge against the retaining wall Active pressure from uniform surcharge is explained in Figure 2. Live load surcharge is considered when vehicular actions act on the surface of backfill soil at a distance, which equal or less than the wall height from the wall back face. It can be either dead loads, for example, sloping backfill above the wall height or live load, which could result from the highway or parking lot, paving, or adjacent footing. Surcharge loads acting on retaining walls are additional vertical loads that used to the backfill soil above the top of the wall.
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Figure 1 shows free body lateral forces acting on retaining walls.Ģ. The wedge theory suggests that a triangular wedge of soil would slide down if the retaining wall were removed suddenly, and the wall has to sustain this wedge soil. Sliding soil wedge theory is the basis for most of the theories by which lateral earth pressure is computed. The main purpose of retaining wall construction is to retain soil that is why soil lateral earth pressure is a major concern in the design. Lateral Earth Pressure Acting on Retaining Wall Retaining wall design could include any or all of loads and forces which are explained in the following sections: 1. There are various types of loads and forces acting on retaining wall, which are: Loads and Forces Acting on Retaining Wall
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Loads and Forces Acting on Retaining Wall.